Washington, AP—With the conflicts in Syria and Iraq becoming increasingly intertwined against the same Sunni extremist group, President Barack Obama moved on Thursday to ratchet up US efforts to strengthen more moderate Syrian rebels.
Obama’s request to Congress for 500 million dollars in training and arms to the opposition in effect opens a second front in the fight against militants spilling over Syria’s border and threatening to overwhelm neighboring Iraq. The train-and-equip mission would be overseen by the Pentagon and would mark a significant expansion of previous covert efforts to arm the more moderate rebels who are fighting both the extremists and forces loyal to Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad.
Obama has long been reluctant to arm the opposition, in part because of concerns that weapons may fall into extremist hands. But administration officials say the US has grown increasingly confident in recent months about its ability to distinguish the moderate rebels from the more extremist elements that include the Al-Qaeda-inspired Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which has stormed into Iraq and captured much of the northern part of the country.
The risk of US weapons and ammunition falling into the wrong hands appears to have only heightened now that ISIS has strengthened. But Obama’s request to Congress on Thursday appeared to indicate that tackling the crumbling security situation in Syria and Iraq trumped those concerns.
White House spokeswoman Caitlin Hayden said the military assistance “marks another step toward helping the Syrian people defend themselves against regime attacks, push back against the growing number of extremists like ISIS who find safe haven in the chaos, and take their future into their own hands by enhancing security and stability at local levels.”
The Syria program is part of a broader 65.8 billion-dollar overseas operations request that the administration sent to Capitol Hill on Thursday. The package includes 1 billion dollars to help stabilize nations bordering Syria that are struggling with the effects of the civil war. It also formalizes a request for a previously announced 1 billion dollars to strengthen the US military presence in Central and Eastern Europe amid Russia’s threatening moves in Ukraine.
The president’s cautious approach to Syria has come under increased criticism as the civil war, now in its fourth year, spills across the border into Iraq, with White House opponents arguing that Obama’s reluctance to arm the rebels gave ISIS the space to strengthen.
Like the more moderate Syrian rebels, ISIS is seeking to push Assad from power. The group seeks to carve out a purist Islamic enclave across both sides of the Syria-Iraq border.
With ISIS gaining strength, US officials say Assad’s forces launched airstrikes on extremist targets inside Iraq on Monday. The US is also weighing targeted strikes against ISIS in Iraq, creating an odd alignment with one of Washington’s biggest foes.
Obama has ruled out sending US troops back into combat in Iraq, but he has dispatched nearly 600 US forces in and around Iraq to train local forces and secure the American Embassy in Baghdad and other US interests.
The White House has been hinting for weeks that Obama was preparing to step up assistance to the Syrian rebels. During a May 28 commencement speech at West Point, he said that by helping those fighting for a free Syria, “we also push back against the growing number of extremists who find safe haven in the chaos.”
Officials said the administration would coordinate with Congress and regional players on the specific types of training and assistance the US would provide the opposition. One potential option would be to base US personnel in Jordan and conduct the training exercise there.
The Senate Armed Services Committee has already approved a version of the sweeping defense policy bill authorizing the Defense Department to provide “equipment, supplies, training and defense services” to elements of the Syrian opposition that have been screened. The Senate could act on the bill before the August recess.
In addition to the covert train-and-equip mission, the US has also provided nearly 287 million dollars in nonlethal assistance to the moderate opposition.
The military program would be supplemented by 1 billion dollars in assistance to Syria’s neighbors—Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, and Iraq—to help them deal with an influx of refugees and the threat of extremists spilling over their borders.
The Russian ambassador to the United Nations criticized Obama’s announcement, saying it would just drag out the conflict and that it was “moving things in the wrong direction.”
“I think that this is an extremely big risk, and frankly a waste,” Ambassador Vitaly Churkin told reporters at the UN, saying weapons and money could fall into the hands of ISIS.
He said the US and Russia, which has been Assad’s most powerful international backer during the war, should be focusing on restarting political negotiations to end the conflict.