Brussels and Istanbul, Reuters—NATO offered political support for Turkey’s campaign against militants in Syria and Iraq at an emergency meeting on Tuesday, and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan signaled the alliance may have a “duty” to become more involved.

Turkey requested urgent consultations with its 27 NATO allies in Brussels after stepping up its role in the US-led fight against the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) with airstrikes, also hitting Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) camps in Iraq at the weekend.

“We stand in strong solidarity with our ally Turkey,” NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg told alliance ambassadors at the start of a meeting he called right and timely “to address instability on Turkey’s doorstep and on NATO’s border.”

In the run-up, both NATO and Turkey played down any idea that the military alliance might provide air or ground support for Turkey’s dramatic change in strategy, but Erdoğan suggested otherwise at a news conference before leaving for China.

Turkey had “come under attack,” he said of a suspected ISIS suicide bombing that killed 32 mostly young students last week in the Turkish town of Suruç on the border with Syria.

NATO rules provide for mutual support if an ally comes under attack, although Turkey has not invoked Article 5 of the North Atlantic treaty which requires allied nations to consider military action.

“If a NATO member country comes under attack, NATO would support it in every way,” Erdoğan said.

“At the moment, Turkey has come under attack and is exercising its right to defend itself and will exercise this right until the end . . . but what we’re saying is that there could be a duty for NATO, and we ask NATO to be prepared for this.”

The meeting of ambassadors was held under Article 4 of the treaty, which permits a member of the alliance to ask for consultations with other allies when it feels its security is threatened. Ankara twice invoked this article in 2012 to ask for consultations with its NATO allies over the Syria conflict, notably after an aerial clash with Damascus.

“No peace process” with Kurds

While Turkey is now taking an active role in the fight against ISIS militants after years of ambiguity over support for jihadist fighters in Syria, Erdoğan’s policy shift comes together with an assault on Kurdish groups that enjoy some sympathy in the West, particularly in Europe.

Erdoğan said it was impossible to continue a peace process with Kurdish militants who claimed responsibility for the killing of two Turkish police officers in what they said was retaliation for the killing of the young students.

“It is not possible for us to continue the peace process with those who threaten our national unity and brotherhood,” Erdoğan said.

Beyond NATO’s political endorsement, the United States, the dominant power in the alliance, has made some concessions by pledging to work with Turkey to create a safe zone inside Syria for displaced persons from the civil war that should relieve some of the refugee pressure on Ankara.

Erdoğan said that should pave the way for the return of some 1.7 million refugees from Turkey to Syria.

European allies, who need Turkey’s help to combat jihadist fighters returning to Europe, are likely to look for ways to make clear at the same time they don’t want Erdoğan to abandon several years of a domestic peace process which they supported.

That entailed giving Turkey’s own Kurdish population more cultural rights with the prospect, over time, of greater autonomy in the southeastern regions where they constitute a majority.

The European Commission expressed support for Turkey’s right to self-defense against “terrorism” on Monday while stressing the need “to keep the settlement process with the Kurdish people on track.”